《世界上最优美的散文--人生短篇》

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世界上最优美的散文--人生短篇- 第2部分


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 the noblest spirits; through the most subl ime and enchanting regions。

    macaulay had wealth and fame; rank and power; and yet he tells us in his bio graphy that he owed the happiest hours of his life to books。 in a charming lette r to a little girl; he says: “if any one would make me the greatest king that e ver lived; with palaces and gardens and fine dinners;and wines and coaches; and beautiful clothes; and hundreds of servants; on condition that i should not read books; i would not be a king。 i would rather be a poor man in garret with plent y of books than a king who did not love reading。〃

    关于读书

    阿诺德。本涅特

    阿诺德。本涅特(1867—1931),本世纪初期英国著名的小说家、散文家。他的文风受法 国自然主义的影响较深,行文冷静客观,准确工整;他的文字也简单易懂,与所叙内容非常 协调,具有很好的艺术效果。

    鲍斯威尔的《约翰逊传》今天出了新版第一卷(奥古斯丁。比勒尔编)。这再次提醒我 这本书我还没怎么读过。我在思索;那些一个普通文化人应该读,不读即为罪过的书籍;是否 真有人读了或几乎读完了。如果真有这样一个人,那他一定是个非常非常老的人,而且是从 婴孩时期就要开始读书;每天要坚持16个小时。

    我不记得曾否读完任何一位作家的全部著作,即使简。奥斯汀也不例外。我从未看过《 苏珊》和《沃森一家》,其中有一本是绝好的书。莎士比亚、培根、斯宾塞的大部分作品我 也不曾读过;乔叟的书几乎没读过;康格里夫、德莱顿、蒲柏、斯威夫特、斯特恩、约翰逊 、斯科特、科勒律治、雪莱、拜伦、埃奇沃斯、兰姆、利。亨特、华兹华斯(几乎全部)、 丁尼生、史文朋、勃朗特姐妹、乔治。艾略特、n。『毛』里斯、乔治。梅瑞迪斯、托马斯,哈 代、萨维奇。兰道、萨克雷、卡莱尔——事实上每一位古典作家和大多数现代大家的作品我 都不曾拜读过,我未读过的名著的名字也可以写一卷书了。只有一位作家——简。奥斯丁; 我可称得上熟悉。对济慈和史蒂文生我也稍微了解。英国作家仅此而已。至于外国作家,我 只熟悉莫泊桑和龚古儿兄弟。《唐。吉诃德》还未看完。

    然而我不能说自己渎职。自20岁起,我就酷爱读书。从那时起;我除了读“正经”书外 几乎可以说什么也没读(除了文学批评家的职业所要求的)。我有适度的空闲时间;读书欲 望强烈稳定,我选择书籍的品位肯定高出常人;然而多年来;我对那些浩瀚的“人人必读〃书 目几乎没有什么印象。

    on reading

    arnold bennett

    the appearance today of the first volume of a new edition of boswell's johns on; edited by augustine birrell; reminds me once again that i have read but litt le of that work。 does there; i wonder; exist a being who has read all; or approx imately all; that the person of average culture is supposed to have read; and th at not to have read is a social sin。 if such a being does exist; surely he is an old; a very old man; who has read steadily that which he ought to have read 16 hours a day; from early infancy。

    i cannot recall a single author of whom i have read everything — even of ja ne austen。 i have never seen susan and the watsons; one of which i have been tol d is superlatively good。 then there are large tracts of shakespeare; bacon; spen ser; nearly all chaucer; congreve; dryden; pope; swift; sterne; johnson; scott; coleridge; shelley; byron; edgeworth; ferrier; lamb; leigh hunt; wordsworth (nea rly all); tennyson; swinbume; and brontes; george eliot; w。 morris; george mered ith; thomas hardy; savage landor; thackeray; carlyle—in fact every classical au thor and most good modern authors; which i have never even overlooked。 a list of the masterpieces i have not read would fill a volume。 with only one author can i call myself familiar; jane austen。 with keats and stevenson; i have an acquain tance。 so far of english。 of foreign authors i am familiar with maupassant and t he goncourts。 i have yet to finish don quixote!

    nevertheless i cannot acomuse myself of default。 i have been extremely fond o f reading since i was 20; and since i was 20 i have read practically nothing (sa ve professionally; as a literary critic) but what was “right〃。 my leisure has b een moderate; my desire strong and steady; my taste in selection certainly above the average; and yet in 10 years i seem scarcely to have made an impression upo n the intolerable multitude of volumes which “everyone is supposed to have read 〃。

    力量无限

    托玛斯。德。昆西

    托玛斯。德。昆西(1785—1859),19世纪前期英国著名的浪漫主义散文家,其代表作 为《一个英国吸鸦片者的陈述》。本文节选自他的文章《知识的文学与力量的文学》。

    除此之外,还有一种东西比真理更为神奇——那就是力量,或者说,它和真理有着深刻 的感应。比如说,儿童对于社会的影响是什么呢?由于儿童的弱小、孤独、天真、纯朴而引 起的种种特殊的赞叹怜爱之情,不仅使人的真『性』情不断地得到巩固和更新,而且,因为脆弱 唤醒了宽容,天真象征着天堂,纯朴远离世俗。所以,这些在上帝面前最宝贵的品质也就永 远保存在记忆里,而且它们的理想不断地被重温。高级的文学,也就是力量的文学,同样回 答了这个问题。你能从《失乐园》中学到什么知识?什么也学不到。你又能从一本食谱里学 到什么呢?从每一段你都能学到过去所不知道的某种新知识。但是,你会因此就把一本微不 足道的食谱看得比那部神圣的诗篇还高明吗?我们从弥尔顿那里学来的并不是什么知识,因 为即使有一百万条知识,也不过是在尘俗的地面上行走一百万次罢了。但弥尔顿给予我们的 是力量——也就是说,运用自己潜在的感应能力,向着无限的领域扩张。在那里,脉搏的每 一次跳动,力量的每一次汇集,都意味着上升一步,好似沿着雅各的天梯,从地面一步一步 登上那奥秘莫测的苍穹。知识的步伐,从开始到终结,只能在同一水平面上将人往前运载, 但却无法使人从原来的地面上提高一步。然而,力量所迈出的第一步就是飞跃,就是向另一 种境界的超越——在那里,尘世的一切都会被忘却。

    the power is unlimited

    thomas de quincey

    besides which; there is a rarer thing than truth — namely power; or deep sy mpathy with truth。 what is the effect; for instance; upon society; of children。 by the pity; by the tenderness; and by the peculiar modes of admiration which co nnect themselves with the helplessness; with the innocence; and with the simplic ity of children; not only are the primal affections strengthened and continually renewed; but the qualities which are dearest in the sight of heaven — the frai lty; for instance; which appeals to forbearance; the simplicity which is most al ien from the worldly — are kept up in perpetual remembrance; and their ideals a re continually refreshed。 a purpose of the same nature is answered by the higher literature; viz; the literature of power。 what do you learn from paradise lost。 nothing at all。 what do you learn from a cookerybook。 something new; somethin g that you did not know before; in every paragraph。 but would you therefore put the wretched cookerybook on a higher level of estimation than the divine poem。 what you owe to milton is not any knowledge; of which a million separate items are still but a million of advancing steps on the same earthly level; what you o we is power — that is; exercise and expansion to your own latent capacity of sy mpathy with the infinite; where every pulse and each separate influx is a step u pward; a step 论教育

    阿尔弗烈德。诺斯。怀特海

    阿尔弗烈德。诺斯。怀特海(1861—1947),英国著名数学家与哲学家,剑桥大学毕业 1914—1924年间任伦敦大学实用数学教授。1924—1937年受美国哈佛大学聘请,在该校讲授 哲学,嗣后即继续留居美国。怀特海是近代英美知识界影响较广的学者之一。

    教育是获得运用知识的艺术。这门艺术非常不易传授。即使是一本具有真正教育价值的 教科书,可以断定,也会有书评家说它教起课来不容易使用。教起课来当然不容易使用。教 起来不费功夫的
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