be established after the war。 In December； 1941； Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor。 Immediately thereafter； Germany declared war on the United States。
1。 One item ocomurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was
＇A＇ the burning of the Reichstag。
＇B＇ German plans for conquest。
＇C＇ Nazi barbarism。
＇D＇ the persecution of religious groups。
2。 The Lend…Lease Act was designed to
＇A＇ help the British。
＇B＇ strengthen the national defense of the United States。
＇C＇ promote the Atlantic Charter。
＇D＇ avenge Pearl Harbor。
3。 American Policy during the years 1935…1936 may be described as being
＇A＇ watchful。
＇B＇ isolationist。
＇C＇ peaceful。
＇D＇ indifferent。
4。 The Neutrality Act of 1939
＇A＇ permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations。
＇B＇ antagonized Japan。
＇C＇ permitted the British to trade only with the Allies。
＇D＇ led to Lend…Lease Act。
5。 We entered the war against Germany
＇A＇ because Germany declared war。
＇B＇ because Japan was an ally of Germany。
＇C＇ after Germany had signed the Nazi…soviet Pact。
＇D＇ after peaceful efforts had failed。
Vocabulary
1。 Reich 帝国，尤指第二次世界大战前及大战期间的德国
2。 atrocity 凶残，残暴
3。 belligerent 好战的，交战国的
4。 discretion 判断力，自行裁决，谨慎
5。 empower 赋予……权力
6。 embargo 禁运，封港
7。 quarantine 停船检疫，隔离，封锁，使孤立
8。 partition 分割，瓜分
9。 menace 威胁，危险
10。 repeal 废除，取消
11。 overage destroyer 旧式驱逐舰
12。 unprovoked 无缘无故的，非因触犯而发生的
13。 Neutrality Acts 中立法令
14。 Munich Pact 慕尼黑公约
15。 draft act 征兵法
16。 Lend Lease Act 租借法
17。 Atlantic Charter 大西洋公约
18。 Pearl Harbor 珍珠港
写作方法与文章大意
文章讲述了第三帝国成立，美国由中立到宣战的一段历史。采用按年代先后进行叙述的写作手法。文章一开始就点明主题：“第三帝国的成立影响了美国历史，从一系列事情开始，最终导致德国和美国交战。”
答案详解
1。 A帝国大厦焚毁，众所周知，这是纳粹希特勒精心策划的一次政治阴谋，旨在迫害德国共产党。
B。 德国征服计划。C。 纳粹之残暴。D。 迫害宗教团体。在文中都提到。见第一段第二句“民主的全面摧毁、对犹太人的迫害、摧残宗教、纳粹的残忍和野蛮，特别是德国及其盟国意、日、征服世界的计划激起美国极大愤怒，也带来了对又一次世界大战的恐惧。”
2。 B 加强美国国防。见第二段导数第五句“1941年的租借法规定：总统对他认为保卫美国所需要的国家有权卖给、交换或借给他们物资。”
A。 帮助英国，不对。C。 促进大西洋公约。大西洋公约是1941年8月，罗斯福和邱吉尔会面后的联合公告。D。 报复珍珠港。是1941年日本发起袭击的报复。
3。 B 与世隔绝。这在第一段第三句“美国人民虽然反对希特勒的凶残等事，他们一般还是喜欢孤立（与世隔绝的）政策和保持中立。1933年和1936年的中立条约规定：禁止和交战国双方贸易和借贷。”
A。 观察的。C。 和平的。D。 不正确的。
4。 A 允许把武器卖给交战国。答案在第二段第六句“1939年的中立条约取消了武器禁运，允许进行现钞交易出口武器给交战国。”
B。 和日本敌对。C。 允许英国只能和其盟国贸易。D。 导致租借条约。
5。 A 因为德国宣战。这在第一段已有说明。尽管希特勒坏事做尽，美国还是倾向于中立政策。第二段罗斯福在芝加哥的演讲，态度稍有改变。严厉批评希特勒的政策，但仍然以中立为主。1941年日本袭击珍珠港，不久德国宣战，美国才不得不参战。
Passage Fourteen（Antarctica and Environment）
Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station – a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world’s environment。 Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere； Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world。
Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant…early…warning sensor； where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north。 One promising field of investigation is glaciology。 Scholars from the United States； Switzerland； and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet – a concern they believe the world at large should share。
The Transantarctic Mountain； some of them more than 14；000 feet high； divide the continent into two very different regions。 The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick。 “West” of the mountain； the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet； but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level。 If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared； the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island。
While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments； others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica； valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter。 Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land； these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9；000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea。 Now the glaciers are gone； perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10；000 years since the ice age。 Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea。 Left bare are spectacular gorges； rippled fields of sand dunes； clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100…mile…an…hour winds； and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation。
Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys； some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth。 Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them。
1。 What is the best title for this passage？
＇A＇ Antarctica and environmental Problems。
＇B＇ Antarctica： Earth’s Early…Warning station。
＇C＇ Antarctica： a Unique Observation Post。
＇D＇ Antarctica： a Mysterious Place。
2。 What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared？
＇A＇ The western part of the continent would be disappeared。
＇B＇ The western part of the continent would be reduced。
＇C＇ The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands。
＇D＇ The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands。
3。 Why are the Dry Valleys left bare？
＇A＇ Vicious wind blasts the snow away。
＇B＇ It rarely snows。
＇C＇ Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind。
＇D＇ Sand dunes。
4。 Which of the following is true？
＇A＇ The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside。
＇B＇ The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers。
＇C＇ The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant。
＇D＇ The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists。
Vocabulary
1。 distant…early…warning sensor 远距离早期报警传感器
2。 plateau 高原，高地
3。 slash 挥砍
4。 blast 一阵疾风/狂风
5。 vicious 邪恶的，凶魔般的
6。 gorge 峡谷
7。 ripple 起伏，使起微波
8。 sand dune 沙丘
9。 verdant 绿色
10。 extraterrestrial 地球之外的
11。 aura 气氛
难句译注
1。 Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant…early waning sensor； where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before t